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How the TIME AI Audio Brief Was Built

At TIME, we’ve long embraced innovation in how our trusted journalism is delivered to readers, viewers, and audiences around the world. Today, we continue that tradition with the launch of our AI-generated audio briefing, a new format designed to make our reporting more accessible. This tool, created with technology partner ScaleAI, reflects TIME’s ongoing mission to meet people where they are—and where they’re going.

The new audio briefing tool uses generative AI to present the day’s top news stories, as written by TIME’s reporters, into an engaging discussion between two AI bots, Henry and Lucy, named after one of the founders of TIME, Henry Luce. Our goal is to create an experience that makes our journalism more digestible and interactive. The audio briefing is designed to provide trusted and accurate reporting in a conversational tone. It is limited to discuss only articles previously published by TIME.

This tool is an additional way to distribute TIME’s journalism, which today can be found on our site, TIME.com, across social media, in print and on film and television platforms and channels, created by TIME Studios. This audio briefing represents another step in how we’re using AI to deliver the news. This is the second major launch for TIME AI, and we plan to continue to update and improve our AI products in the future. It’s our hope that all of this work increases accessibility and engagement with TIME’s journalism.

Here’s a closer look at how it works.

This tool takes a selection of news stories from TIME’s flagship newsletter, The Brief, which is curated by a TIME editor. It uses GPT/o models, which are a family of large language models developed by OpenAI, a TIME strategic partner, that can generate content in multiple formats aside from just text. The GPT/o models from OpenAI were use for script generation and GPT4o-mini-TTS was used to convert the script into an audio file. This is a fully automated process using stories only published onTIME.com.

Henry and Lucy have distinct voices that were developed in collaboration with ScaleAI using OpenAI’s library of voices. They were tuned to reflect TIME’s overall editorial sensibility and to be responsive to the original reporting in the work that they cite. We’ve ensured that the AI hosts properly attribute both the work of TIME reporters as well as the sources featured within the reporting which are highlighted in The Brief.

The models are instructed to ground discussions in the articles and to always attribute material to their origin in the articles. They are instructed not to deviate from the article content. There is, as we note in the audio player itself, a possibility of error.

In Dec. 2024, we unveiled an AI toolbar specifically designed to answer questions about TIME’s Person of the Year based onTIME.comarticles, other trusted sources and the tool's general built-in knowledge. This product was engineered to provide reliable and accurate information while maintaining a safe and professional conversation. You can learn more about that the TIME AI toolbarhere.

The Rise of Political Violence and Targeting of Lawmakers in the U.S.

Theshootingsof two Minnesota lawmakers and their spouses this past weekend are the latest instances of political violence that has risen across the U.S. in recent years.

Democratic state Rep. Melissa Hortman and her husband, Mark, were shot and killed on Saturday by a man who authorities say was impersonating a police officer. The same shooter attacked Democratic state Sen. John Hoffman and his wife, Yvette, who have been hospitalized with multiple gunshot wounds. Authoritiesapprehended and are chargingVance Boelter, 57, in connection with both shootings. Boelter is facing federal murder charges that carry the possibility of the death penalty, in addition to state charges.

The attacks come as U.S. lawmakers face a rising threat of political violence. Members of Congress and state and local officials have been targeted in multiple high-profile violent incidents in recent years, including the 2011 shooting of then-Rep. Gabrielle Giffords of Arizona, the 2017 shooting at a Congressional baseball practice that left Rep. Steve Scalise of Louisiana and several other people injured, and the attack on the U.S. Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021. Though no lawmakers were wounded in that instance, more than 100 people were injured amid the storming of the building and at least seven deaths were tied to the attack, according to abipartisan Senate report.

The number of concerning statements and direct threats against members of Congress—including their families and staff—investigated by the U.S. Capitol Police has increased markedly within the past seven years, jumping from 3,939 in 2017 to 9,625 in 2021, according to theagency.

And the past year has seen another spike. The Capitol Police investigated 9,474 direct threats and concerning statements in 2024, up from 8,008 the previous year. Reutersidentifiedat least 51 incidents of political violence from January to October last year in the lead-up to the 2024 election, among 300 it had recorded since the Jan. 6 attack up to that point. The news outletreported“the cases are part of the biggest and most sustained increase in U.S. political violence since the 1970s.”

Read More:A Stark Look at the Recent History of Political Violence in America

Here are some of the attacks that have been carried out against U.S. lawmakers in a violent year for the country’s politics.

On July 13, 2024, agunman fired multiple shotstoward the stage where Donald Trump was speaking at a campaign rally in Butler, Pennsylvania. One bullet struck Trump in his right ear,, while one bystander was killed and two others were wounded.

The shooter was lateridentifiedas Thomas Matthew Crooks, 20. He was killed by a Secret Service sniper at the scene.

Just two months later, authoritiesfoiled another apparent attempt on Trump’s lifeat Trump International Golf Club in West Palm Beach, Florida, in September 2024. While Trump was golfing, a Secret Service agent who was posted ahead of Trump noticed a man holding a rifle, about 400 yards away, poking out of a tree line nearby. The suspect didn’t fire any rounds and didn’t have a line of sight to Trump, authorities said. Secret Service personnel fired shots at the suspect, who dropped his weapon, along with other items, and fled the scene in a vehicle.

Trump was unharmed in the second attack. Authorities laterapprehended and identified the suspectas Ryan Wesley Routh, a one-time Trump supporter who was passionate about defending Ukraine in the war with Russia.

In April, Pennsylvania Gov. Josh Shapiro and his family were in their home when they were awakened by a state trooper banging on the door after anarsonist set the home on fire. They were safely evacuated, and firefighters tackled the blaze. Video surveillance of the incident showed a suspect climbing over a fence, breaking into Shapiro’s home through a window, and throwing in an incendiary device, according tothe affidavit. Another device was thrown into the home as well.

The suspect was later apprehended and identified by authorities as Cody A. Balmer. Authorities said Balmer admitted to setting Shapiro’s home on fire, and said that he would have “beaten him with a hammer” if the governor had found him.

Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz called Saturday’s shootings acts of “targeted political violence.”

“Peaceful discourse is the foundation of our democracy. We don’t settle our differences with violence or at gunpoint,” Walz said. “This tragic act here in Minnesota should serve as a reminder to all of us that democracy and the debates in the halls of Congress, in state houses, in school boards, is a way to settle our differences peacefully and move society to a better place.”

Read more:Suspected Shooter of Minnesota Lawmakers Potentially Facing Federal Death Penalty: What We Know About Vance L. Boelter

Boelter is facing federal charges related to the stalking of both lawmakers, the murder of Hortman and her husband, and the shooting of Hoffman and his wife. He is also being charged on the state level in connection with the murder of Hortman and her husband, as well as the shooting of Hoffman and his wife.

AuthoritiessaidMonday that Boelter went to the homes of two other Minnesota elected officials in between the shootings as well. Law enforcement officials recovered a “manifesto” from the vehicle believed to be used by the suspect that they said listed Hortman’s and Hoffman’s names, among a number of local lawmakers and organizations. Democratic Minnesota Sen. Tina Smith was among the names on Boelter’s list, she toldNPR.

The True Story Behind Netflix’s Trainwreck: Mayor of Mayhem

Rob Ford, the former mayor of Toronto, was controversial well before being caught on videosmoking crack. The bombastic politician, whoreportedly spewedracist and homophobic comments and was onceconvictedof drunk driving, was elected mayor in 2010 for a scandalous term that led to international notoriety.

Ford’s rise and fall is the subject of a new documentary inNetflix’sTrainwreckseries.Mayor of Mayhemtraces the right-wing populist mayor’s career and fall from grace, featuring the investigative journalists who reported on the scandal, city councillors, and people who worked for Ford.

InMayor of Mayhem, Ford’s close associates say he idolized father Doug Ford Sr., who was also a politician, and was always trying to impress him. The junior Ford was a popular city councillor for a ward in Toronto before he was mayor, serving from 2000 to 2010.

As a politician, he was known for handing out his business card to constituents and urging them to call him if something was amiss. He even still found time to coach high school football in his down time.

Elected mayor in 2010, Ford managed to get several reforms passed in his first year. He got the City Council to repeal a vehicle registration tax. Local transit workers were declared an essential service so they couldn’t strike.

But his brash attitude put off some city councillors. “He was so aggressive that a lot of people didn’t want to sit near him,” John Filion, a city councillor, says in the doc. Ford would tell his opponents to work with him or he’d destroy them.

In May 2013, Gawker published a video that appeared to show Ford smoking crack. At first Ford denied he had smoked crack cocaine anddeniedthat a video of him smoking crack cocaine existed.

The more news outlets reported on the scandal, the more Ford tried to turn people against the media. An arch conservative, Ford started attacking theToronto Star, which had a reputation for its progressive leanings, calling the paper and its reporters “pathological liars.”

“Rob Ford demonizing the media years before Donald Trump did the same thing was extremely effective,”Starreporter David Rider says in the doc. Some journalists say they received death threats for reporting on Ford’s scandal.

Ford still maintained a dedicated following. The doc shows supporters campaigning for him forre-election.

At a November 2013news conferenceoutside of his Toronto city hall office, Ford admitted that he smoked crack before, but maintained that he was not an addict. About five months later,Globe and Mailjournalist Robyn Doolittle was tipped off to avideoof Ford with a crack pipe in his hand. After theGlobe and Mailpublished several still images from the video in April 2014, Ford, who was running for re-election, went to rehab.

In September 2014, he abandoned his bid for re-election when a tumor was discovered in his abdomen. Forddiedfromcancerin 2016 at the age of 46.

Mayor of Mayhemgives the last word to Ford’s still loyal advisors. One calls him “selfless,” and another even tears up as he reflects on helping Ford navigate the scandal. His former Chief of Staff Mark Towhey closes the 49-minute doc arguing, “All of us have a Rob, somewhere in our life. And I think in the long run, history will think of him as a man who had an illness, who, despite that, accomplished stuff that had never been accomplished before. And…the bad stuff, yep, it speaks for itself.”

California bill proposes misdemeanor for officers who cover their face on duty

Law enforcement officials would also be required to be identifiable by uniform carrying their name

Local, state, and federal law enforcement officers who cover their faces while conducting official business could face a misdemeanor inCaliforniaunder a new proposal announced Monday.

The bill would require all law enforcement officials show their faces and be identifiable by their uniform, which should carry their name or other identifier. It would not apply to the national guard or other troops and it exempts Swat teams and officers responding to natural disasters.

Scott Wiener, a Democratic state senator representing San Francisco, and Jesse Arreguin, a Democratic state senator representing Berkeley and Oakland, said the proposal seeks to boost transparency and public trust in law enforcement.

“We are seeing more and more law enforcement officers, particularly at the federal level, covering their faces entirely, not identifying themselves at all and, at times, even wearing army fatigues where we can’t tell if these are law enforcement officers or a vigilante militia,” Wiener said.

“They are grabbing people off our streets and disappearing people, and it’s terrifying,” he added.

The state senators said that in recent months, federal officers have conducted raids while covering their faces, and at times their badges and names, at churches, restaurants, hardware stores and schools in Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Diego, Concord, Downey and Montebello.

“Law enforcement officers are public servants and people should be able to see their faces, see who they are, know who they are. Otherwise, there is no transparency and no accountability,” Wiener said.

Some videos of raids showing masked officers using unmarked vehicles and grabbing people off the streets have circulated on social media in recent weeks.

On Wednesday, a group of masked and armed mendetained a Latino manin a church parking lot in Downey, a small, largely Latino suburb near Los Angeles.

The senior pastor of the church, Rev Tanya Lopez,described the incidentand said the men did not identify what agency they worked for and refused to provide their names or badge numbers when asked. Lopez attempted to speak to the man, who only spoke Spanish, but one of the men turned a rifle on her.

“Who knows if this man is a citizen? They were not letting him answer any questions or provide any identification,” Lopez latertold reporters. “They surrounded him and started to just get ready to grab him. And that’s why I could not just stand idly by.”

Trump administration notches first big win in assault on higher education

Federal judge dismissed lawsuit brought by faculty groups over government cuts to Columbia University funding

TheTrump administrationscored its most significant legal victory in its sweeping effort to reshape American higher education when a federal judge on Monday dismissed a lawsuit brought by faculty groups over the government’s cuts to Columbia University’s federal funding.

The lawsuit concerned the Trump administration’s cuts to $400m worth of federal funding to Columbia on the grounds it tolerated antisemitism during pro-Palestinian protests on campus. Columbia largely accepted the government’s terms for restoring funding – in anagreementwidely panned as a capitulation of its own academic freedom – several days before the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) and the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) sued the Trump administration over the cuts.

The judge in the case, Mary Kay Vyskocil of the southern district of New York, ruled that the faculty unions had no “standing” to bring the suit and had not clearly indicated how the administration had broken the law.

“It is not the role of a district court judge to direct the policies of the Executive Branch first and ask questions later,” the judge, a Trump appointee, wrote in her 30-pageruling. “Plaintiffs have not established their standing to litigate this case, let alone any violation of any law.” She seemed to accept the government’s prerogative to withhold funding and its argument that Columbia had enabled antisemitism to fester on campus. She also noted that Columbia had remained “conspicuously absent” from the case.

The university did not immediately respond to a request for comment. That funding has not yet been restored though the education secretary Linda McMahon recently said that Columbia had “made great progress” and that the administration was considering a consent decree with the university.

The administration has also cut billions in funding to several other universities, warning dozens more that it is investigating them over alleged antisemitism on campuses. So far, Harvard, which has lost more than $3bn in federal funding, is the only university to sue the administration in two separate lawsuits, one overfunding cutsand another against the administration’s ban on Harvard’s ability to enroll international students. On Monday, a federal judge in Massachusetts extended atemporary blockon the administration’s order concerning Harvard’s foreign students.

The AAUP has filed three other lawsuits against the Trump administration – over its ban ondiversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives, theattempted deportationof pro-Palestinian students and funding cuts at Harvard. The group has vowed to fight on.

“This is a disappointing ruling, but by no means the end of the fight,” Todd Wolfson, the AAUP president said. “The Trump administration’s threats and coercion atColumbia Universityare part of an authoritarian agenda that extends far beyond Columbia. Ultimately, lifesaving research, basic civil liberties and higher education in communities across the country are all on the line. Faculty, students, and the American public will not stand for it. We will continue to fight back.”

Protect Democracy, the group representing the AAUP and AFT said they would appeal Monday’s ruling and vowed to “continue to fight to stop the administration from using public funding as a cudgel to consolidate power over higher education”, they wrote in a statement.

“This is a deeply problematic decision that ignores what this is all about – a government attempt to punish a university over student protests that galvanized a national movement in opposition to Israel’s genocide in Gaza,” said Radhika Sainath, senior managing attorney at Palestine Legal, a group advocating for pro-Palestinian voices on US campuses which had filed a brief in support of the AAUP’s lawsuit.

“The court uncritically takes the government’s line for granted, that speech activity critical of Israel is inherently anti-Jewish – though Jewish students and professors make up a large percentage of those speaking up for Palestinian human rights.”

Doctor charged with supplying Matthew Perry ketamine agrees to plead guilty

Salvador Plasencia, who gave Friends star the drug in month leading to overdose, to plead guilty to four counts

A doctor charged with givingMatthew Perryketamine in the month leading up to the Friends star’s overdose death has agreed to plead guilty, authorities said Monday.

Dr Salvador Plasencia has agreed to plead guilty to four counts of distribution of ketamine, federal prosecutors said in a statement. They said the plea carries a maximum sentence of 40 years in prison, and Plasencia is expected to enter the plea in the coming weeks.

Plasencia and a woman accused of being a ketamine dealer had been the primary targets of the prosecution, after three other defendants, including another doctor, agreed to plead guilty in exchange for their cooperation.

Plasencia had been scheduled to start trial in August. An email to his attorney seeking comment was not immediately answered.

Perry was found dead by his assistant on 28 October 2023. The medical examiner ruled that ketamine was the primary cause of death. The actor had been using the drug through his regular doctor in a legal but off-label treatment for depression that has become increasingly common.

Perry, 54, began seeking more ketamine than his doctor would give him. About a month before the actor’s death, he found Plasencia, a doctor who in turn allegedly asked the other doctor, Mark Chavez, to obtain the drug for him, according to court filings in the Chavez case.

“I wonder how much this moron will pay,” Plasencia texted Chavez, according to court filings from prosecutors. The two met up the same day in Costa Mesa, halfway between Santa Monica,California, where Plasencia practiced and San Diego, where Chavez practiced, and exchanged at least four vials of ketamine, the filings said.

After selling the drugs to Perry for $4,500, Plasencia allegedly asked Chavez if he could keep supplying them so they could become Perry’s “go-to”, prosecutors said.

While Plasencia is accused of supplying the bulk of Perry’s ketamine in his final weeks, another defendant, Jasmine Sangha, who prosecutors allege was a major ketamine dealer, is alleged to have provided the dose that killed the actor. She is also scheduled to go to trial in August. She has pleaded not guilty – making her the only one of five people charged in Perry’s death who has not entered a plea agreement.

Perry struggled with addiction for years, dating back to his time onFriends, when he became one of the biggest stars of his generation as Chandler Bing. He starred alongside Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc and David Schwimmer for 10 seasons from 1994 to 2004 on NBC’s megahit.

Ice agents detain US citizen as LA immigration raids continue: ‘It’s racial profiling’

Officers arrest people at swap meet in Santa Fe and detain people in Montebello as curfew in LA remains in place

US immigration raids continued to target southern California communities in recent days, including at a popular flea market and in a Los Angeles suburb where US citizens were detained.

On Saturday, as mass protests swept the nation, includingtens of thousandsdemonstrating in LA, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (Ice) agents descended on aswap meet in Santa Fe Springsin southeast LA county. Videoshoweddozens of heavily armed, masked officers carrying out the raid before a scheduled concert at the long-runningeventthat features vendors, food and entertainment every weekend

Witnessestoldthe Los Angeles Times that agents appeared to be going after people who “looked Hispanic in any way”, sparking widespread fear.

A US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) spokesperson said on Monday that it arrested two people at the swap meet who are now facing deportation.

The crowd at the swap meet largelyclearedout before a scheduled 5.30pm concert, which was ultimatelycanceled, leaving the site unusually empty for a spring Saturday. Another witnesstold ABC7agents were asking attendees where they were from: “I told them I was from the United States, and then they proceeded to walk away, and they took a picture of me … I took it as a personal threat.”

The swap meet arrests came at the end of more than a week of sustained raids and Ice activity in the region that have targetedday laborers outside Home Depot,car washers,warehouse workers, people outside churches and other residents in public spaces. The raids have continued as Donald Trump has sent the national guard and marines to LA to respond to protests, despite the objections of California leaders, who havesued to stop a deploymentthey deem unconstitutional.

Also over the weekend, videoemergedof immigration actions in Montebello, a suburb east of the city of LA. Last Thursday, armed border patrol agents, who drove in an unmarked car, ended up detaining Jason Brian Gavidia and pressing him against a fence by an auto body shop he runs, the New York Timesreported.

An agent interrogated Gavidia, a US citizen, asking, “What hospital were you born at?” Gavidia, 29, was born down the street, and video shows agents twisting his arm, as he said, “I’m American! … I’ll show you my ID. I was born here.” A witness filming the encounter is heard saying: “Literally based off skin color.”

Gavidia was released, but Javier Ramirez, another US citizen who is Gadivia’s friend and coworker, was detained by two agents, forced facedown on the ground and taken to federal detention, where he has remained in custody, the New York Times reported.

Salvador Melendez, the mayor of Montebello, acitythat is 79% Latino, told the Guardian on Monday that the videos and reports of Ice in his community had caused widespread anxiety.

“This is racial profiling. They’re stopping folks because of the way they look,” said Melendez. “Ice agents are terrorizing our community. They are taking actions and asking questions later. There is absolutely no due process.”

Ice agents were spotted in a small area of Montebello, the mayor said. “But psychologically, they are already in our whole city. People are not going to work, not going out, not going to school. People don’t want to ride the bus. It’s extremely unfair … seeing Ice agents come in with these big guns, it almost feels like a war zone. They’re militarized to apprehend folks and they rough up our people.”

After millions protested Trump in national “No Kings” demonstrations, the president pledged Sunday toescalate Ice raids in Democratic-run cities, including LA, Chicago and New York.

“Folks have to stay vigilant, we have to look out for one another. If you see something, alert your neighbors,” said Melendez. “It’s beautiful to see people coming together, helping their neighbors and rallying against this … This is not normal and we have to be outspoken.”

Immigrant rights’ lawyers have said that people detained in the raids have disappeared or had little contact with theirattorneys or families. Amid the crackdown, residents across the region have increasinglygone into hiding, turning typically lively immigrant hubs desolate.

DHS and border patrol did not respond to inquiries about the detentions in Montebello, but Tricia McLaughlin, assistant secretary, said in a press release Monday: “DHS targets have nothing to do with an individuals’ skin color. What makes someone a target is if they are in the United States illegally.”

A spokesperson added in a statement to the Guardian: “DHS and its components continue to enforce the law every day in greaterLos Angelesand throughout the country … DHS agencies will not be deterred from the completion of our mission.”

The Los Angeles mayor, Karen Bass, has continued to keep a curfew in place for the downtown neighborhood that has been at the center of protests, but some activities in the center of the city have resumed, includingtheatrical performances. And while the national guard remains deployed, as the courts consider California’s objections, many areas in the LA region were functioning relatively normally, with little sign of the protests and the aggressive federal response.

But signs of the immigration crackdown are still being felt across the city. In LA’s Koreatown, a dense immigrant neighborhood, street vendors have been staying home out of fear of raids, causing significant financial hardships, said Andreina Kniss, an organizer with Ktown for All, a mutual aid group. Volunteers identified more than 60 families of vendors out of work andfundraisedmore than $50,000 for them, she said. The group had distributed funds to 36 families covering a month of expenses, as of Monday morning, allowing vulnerable workers to stay home.

“We felt like we couldn’t stand around and watch them have to make the choice between being kidnapped and paying their bills,” she said. “The city is being held hostage economically, and it’s not going to end until these Ice raids end.”

She hoped to see mutual aid efforts expand: “The $2,000 you raise for a family might prevent a family separation. It can change people’s lives. We’re just normal neighbors who care about neighbors.”