Penulis: Agus S

Investigators have recovered the cockpit voice recorder (CVR) from the crashed Air India flight, a key step in uncovering what caused last week's deadly accident.

The London-bound Air India aircraft, a Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner, crashed soon after taking off on Thursday from the western Indian city of Ahmedabad.At least 270 people have been killed, most of them passengers.

The CVR captures audio from the cockpit, including pilot conversations, alarms and ambient sounds.

The flight data recorder(FDR), which logs crucial flight parameters like altitude, speed and engine performance, had been recovered from the debris on Friday.

Both the CVR and FDR collectively form what is commonly known as the "black box" of a plane. It is a vital tool in air crash investigations, helping experts reconstruct the flight's final moments and determine the cause of the incident.

The black box, unlike the name suggests, is actually two bright orange devices – one for the CVR and the other for the FDR – painted with reflective strips for easier recovery after a crash. Both these devices are designed to survive a crash.

India's Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) is leading the inquiry into the cause of the crash, helped by teams from the US and the UK.

On Sunday, officials from the US National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) surveyed the site of the plane crash.

"The AAIB has launched a detailed investigation, and the US National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) is conducting a parallel probe under international protocols, since the aircraft is American-made,"a statement releasedon Sunday said.

Indian media outlets have reported, citing sources, that officials from Boeing and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) – the US aviation safety agency – also visited the site.

Separately, a high-level committee set up by the Indian government to examine the reasons behind the crash is expected to hold its first meeting on Monday.

The committee will submit a preliminary report within three months,the All India Radio said, and will propose new standard operating procedures (SOPs) to help prevent similar incidents in future.

As the investigation continues, families on the ground are still grappling with disbelief and trauma.

Less than a minute after taking off from Ahmedabad's Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport, the AI171 flight crashed into a doctors' accommodation building at the BJ Medical College and Civil Hospital.

All but one of the 242 passengers and crew members were killed. Officials have also been trying to establish how many people were killed on the ground and continuing the slow process of matching DNA samples to confirm the victims' identities.

Over the weekend, doctors said 270 bodies had been recovered from the site of the crash.

More than90 victims have been identifiedthrough DNA matching, Dr Rajnish Patel of Ahmedabad's Civil Hospital said on Monday. He added that 47 of the identified bodies have been sent to their families.

Among the identified victims is Vijay Rupani, the former chief minister of Gujarat, whose funeral will be held on Monday. Rupani, whose political career spanned more than 50 years, will be laid to rest with full state honours in Rajkot city.

For many other families, the agonising wait continues.

Officials told the BBC that the identification process has been slow and painstaking, as many of the bodies were badly burned in the crash and are being processed in small batches.

Mistry Jignesh, waiting outside the hospital for updates on his niece,told the BBC on Saturdaythat officials told him that it might take longer for them to hand over his niece's remains as the search for bodies is still ongoing. He had earlier been told that the body would be handed over by Sunday, after the 72 hours it normally takes to complete DNA matching.

"When people are still missing, how can they complete the DNA process by tomorrow? What if my niece's remains haven't even been found? The wait is killing us," he said.

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A man has been arrested on suspicion of killing a Democratic state lawmaker and her husband, after a two-day manhunt in the US state of Minnesota.

The chase came to an end in a wooded rural area west of Minneapolis, where he surrendered peacefully and ended up crawling towards officers, police said.

Vance Luther Boelter, 57, is charged with killing Melissa Hortman, a Minnesota Democrat, and her husband Mark. State Governor Tim Walz called it a "politically motivated assassination".

He is also alleged to have shot and wounded Democratic State Senator John Hoffman, and his wife Yvette, who are both now awake in hospital.

Mrs Hoffman said on Sunday that both felt "incredibly lucky to be alive", as they had been hit by 17 bullets between them.

She and her husband had been "gutted and devastated" by the Hortmans' deaths, Mrs Hoffman added in her statement. "We have no words," she wrote. "There is never a place for this kind of political hate."

Mr Boelter faces two counts of second-degree murder and two counts of second-degree attempted murder. He is due to appear in court in Minneapolis at 13:30 local time (14:30 EDT; 18:30 GMT) on Monday.

The suspect is a former political appointee and was once a member of the same state workforce development board as John Hoffman. However it is unclear if they actually knew each other.

Police have not suggested what the alleged killer's motive might have been, but US senator Amy Klobuchar has joined Governor Walz in suggesting the attacks were politically motivated.

Officials said on Sunday that Vance Luther Boelter was detained after investigators found a car he had used in Sibley County, about 50 miles (80km) from the murder scene in Brooklyn Park.

Air and SWAT teams were deployed to arrest the suspect, following a huge manhunt that was described as the largest in Minnesota's history.

No police officers were injured during his apprehension, and officials said they were not looking for any other suspects. Mr Boelter's wife was earlier detained in a traffic stop, but was released because she co-operated with investigators.

Speaking at a press conference with other local officials on Sunday night, Governor Walz said the attack was an "unspeakable act" that had "altered the state of Minnesota".

"This cannot be the norm. It cannot be the way that we deal with our political differences," Walz said.

Mayor of Minneapolis Jacob Frey praised the "skill and bravery" of law enforcement agencies following the suspect's arrest. "Political violence is abhorrent," he added.

Vance Luther Boelter is accused of impersonating a police officer to carry out the attacks on Saturday, before exchanging fire with police officers and fleeing from the suburban area.

Melissa Hortman had served in the Minnesota House of Representatives for 20 years, and was speaker of the chamber from 2019 to 2025.

As well as having some political involvement, Mr Boelter is a security contractor and religious missionary who has worked in Africa and the Middle East, his online CV says. According to Facebook photos, he once preached as a church pastor in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Investigators reportedly found a list of "targets" in the vehicle that he is thought to have driven for the alleged shootings.

Drew Evans, superintendent of the Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension, told reporters that he would not describe the notebook found in the car as a "manifesto" as it was not "a treatise on all kinds of ideology and writings".

Local media have reported that the names included Governor Walz, congresswoman Ilhan Omar, and state Minnesota Attorney General Keith Ellison.

During Sunday's press conference, Mr Evans did not specify who was featured on the list, but said that state officials had contacted authorities in Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, Nebraska and Iowa so that they could "notify individuals that were on that list".

Mrs Hoffman's statement on Sunday also offered an update on her husband's condition. "John is enduring many surgeries right now and is closer every hour to being out of the woods," she wrote.

The attacker is thought to have first targeted the Hoffmans – at their home in Champlin, at around 02:00 local time on Saturday.

A Facebook post from someone identifying as Mrs Hoffman's nephew said that she had thrown herself on her daughter during the assassination attempt, "using her body as a shield to save her life".

Soon after the attack on the Hoffmans eight miles away, the Hortmans were shot and killed at their home in Brooklyn Park.

Locals told the BBC of their shock. Taha Abuisnaineh, who lives across the street, said he and his wife had known the Hortman family for more than 20 years.

"They were very nice neighbours in a very quiet neighbourhood," he said. "You don't see police activity in this neighbourhood. We are very shocked."

Another resident said she and her husband had received an annual Christmas card from the Hortmans.

"What a big loss for Minnesota," she said.

As protesters marched through central Barcelona on Sunday, they shouted at the tourists who were filming them to "Go Home!".

Bemused couples sitting in street cafés got squirted with water pistols and a luxury clothes store was pasted with stickers declaring the tourists who'd shut themselves inside unwelcome.

Tourism is hugely important to Spain and Barcelona is a top destination for visitors. But the crowds are growing so fast that many locals complain they're being squeezed out of their own cities.

Here and in popular spots across southern Europe, residents are pushing back.

"We cannot live in this city. The rents are super high because of BnBs and also the expats who come and live here for the weather," Marina explained, holding her own banner as the crowd gathered.

It declared "Your AirBnB used to be my home".

Other signs called for a ban on the giant cruise ships that dock here, with one announcing that over-tourism is "killing" the city.

"Our goal is not to stop tourism, because it's also good, but to have it at a normal rate," Marina said.

The protesters' route wound towards one of Barcelona's biggest attractions, the towering Sagrada Familia church designed by Catalan architect, Gaudi.

A combination of stunning architecture, sea and sun drew more than 15 million visitors to the city last year, almost ten times the local population. No wonder it's feeling the strain.

"We're not against individual tourists, it's about how we're managing this," Elena, a young marine biologist, said.

"Young people can't afford living here or even normal things like coffee that are all really expensive for our salaries."

It's not only the young who are struggling.

At 80 years old, Pepi Viu has just been evicted from her home of almost a decade, in a popular neighbourhood. She thinks the owner wanted to earn more rent than the pensioner could pay.

Pepi is now in a hostel, and searching for somewhere more suitable, but prices have soared almost 70% since she last rented.

"I can't find anything – and there's no support. I feel like I have no protection and it's upsetting," she says, frail and leaning on a stick. "There's only tourist flats now, but we residents need somewhere to live!"

In some areas of town, almost all locals like Pepi have already been pushed out.

But in a narrow, paved street of the Gothic quarter, right in the tourist heart of Barcelona, Joan Alvarez is fighting to hold on to the flat his family have rented for 25 years, and at a price he can afford.

His landlord has terminated the contract, but Joan refuses to leave.

Most of the apartments in his building have already been divided into single rooms to bring in more rent.

Joan's little oasis, with tiled floors and a terrace that looks towards the cathedral, is one of the few still intact.

"It's not just about the money, it's the principle," he explains, cats winding through potted plants as he talks. "This is central Barcelona and there's hardly any of us residents left. It shouldn't be like that."

"Housing shouldn't be big business. Yes, this is his property, but it's my house."

Under pressure from the protests, the authorities in Barcelona have already taken the radical step of announcing a complete ban on short-term rentals to tourists from 2028.

10,000 landlords will lose their tourist housing licences.

But Jesus Pereda, who owns two popular tourist flats not far from the Sagrada Familia, thinks that's the wrong response.

"They stopped giving out new licences 10 years ago, but rents have still gone up. So how are we to blame? We're just an easy enemy," he insists.

Managing the flats is his job, providing an income for himself and his wife. "Now we have anxiety."

Jesus believes it's the 'nomad' workers moving from elsewhere in Europe who are pushing rents up, rather than tourists. "They earn and pay more. You can't stop that."

He argues that tourist flats like his help spread the crowds, and the cash, to other areas of the city. Without tourism he believes Barcelona would have an "existential crisis" – it represents up to 15% of Spain's gross domestic product (GDP) as a whole.

If he loses his tourist licence, Jesus won't take on local tenants in any case: a price-cap means long-term rental is barely profitable so he plans to sell both the flats.

The protest in Barcelona culminated in chants of "You're all guiris!" – local slang for foreigners – and a burst of firecrackers. Red smoke billowed up in front of rows of police officers blocking all routes to the Sagrada Familia.

A little earlier, the crowd had targeted a busy hotel, kicking a flare into the lobby. Tourists inside, including children, were clearly shaken.

There were similar protests elsewhere in Spain and more crowds in Portugal and Italy: not huge, but loud and insistent.

The concerns are the same and there's no consensus on how best to tackle it. But Spain is expecting more tourists this summer than ever.

Additional reporting by Esperanza Escribano and Bruno Boelpaep

The centrifuges at Iran's Natanz uranium enrichment plant were likely "severely damaged if not destroyed altogether" in Israeli strikes, the head of the global nuclear watchdog has told the BBC.

Rafael Grossi, of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), said this was a result of power cuts caused by Friday's attack, in which the plant's above-ground facility was "completely destroyed".

The damage was likely caused despite the underground hall housing the centrifuges – machines that enrich uranium – not being directly hit, he said.

Four buildings were also damaged at the Isfahan site, he said, and no damage was visible at the underground Fordo enrichment plant.

Israel said it attacked the sites and killed nine Iranian nuclear scientists to stop Tehran developing nuclear weapons.

It alleged that Iran had in recent months "taken steps to weaponise" its stockpile of enriched uranium, which can be used to make fuel for power plants but also nuclear bombs.

On Sunday, Iran reiterated that its nuclear programme was peaceful and urged IAEA's 35-nation board to strongly condemn the Israeli strikes.

"Our assessment is that with this sudden loss of external power, in great probability the centrifuges have been severely damaged if not destroyed altogether," Grossi told the BBC.

"There was almost total damage to electrical installations."

Earlier on Monday, Grossi told the IAEA's board of governors that his agency had been monitoring the situation in Iran very carefully, ascertaining the status of the country's nuclear facilities and assessing radiation levels through communication with local authorities.

He said Friday's attack on Natanz destroyed the above-ground part of the Pilot Fuel Enrichment Plant (PFEP), where cascades of centrifuge were producing uranium enriched up to 60% purity – close to the 90% required for weapons-grade uranium.

"There has been no indication of a physical attack on the underground cascade hall containing part of the PFEP and the main Fuel Enrichment Plant. However, the loss of power to the cascade hall may have damaged the centrifuges there," Grossi told the board.

He also said there was radiological and chemical contamination at the site, but that the level of radioactivity outside had remained unchanged and at normal levels.

The Israeli military has said that the underground centrifuge hall was also damaged as part of the attack on Natanz, but it provided no evidence.

Grossi said four buildings were destroyed in a separate attack on Friday on the Isfahan Nuclear Technology Centre – the central chemical laboratory, a uranium conversion plant, the Tehran reactor fuel manufacturing plant, and a facility to convert uranium hexafluoride to uranium metal, which was under construction.

As at Natanz, off-site radiation levels remain unchanged, he added.

The Israeli military said that the Isfahan strike "dismantled a facility for producing metallic uranium, infrastructure for reconverting enriched uranium, laboratories, and additional infrastructure".

Grossi told the BBC there was In Isfahan you have underground spaces as well, which do not seem to have been affected."

At the Fordo plant, Grossi said there was "very limited if any damage registered [there]".

On Saturday, Iran's semi-official Isna news agency quoted spokesman of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI) as saying there was "limited damage to some areas at the Fordo enrichment site" following an Israeli attack.

However, the Israeli military has not confirmed carrying out any strikes there.

Grossi said no damage had been seen at Fordo, or at the Khondab heavy water reactor, which is under construction.

He urged all parties to exercise maximum restraint, warning that military escalation threatened lives and increased the chance of a radiological release with serious consequences for people and the environment.

Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi told foreign diplomats in Tehran on Saturday that Israel's attacks on his country's nuclear facilities were a "blatant violation of international law", and that he hoped the IAEA's board would issue a strong condemnation.

He also said that Iran's missile strikes on Israel since Friday were a "response to aggression".

The Israeli military's spokesperson, Brig Gen Effie Defrin said on Monday that its large-scale air campaign would "continue to act in pursuit of the operation's objective, to neutralize the existential threat from Iran, from its nuclear project to the regime's missile array".

Iran's health ministry says Israeli strikes have killed more than 220 people since Friday. Twenty-four Israelis have been killed by Iranian missiles, according to Israeli authorities.

Last Thursday, the IAEA's board formallydeclared Iran in breach of its non-proliferation obligationsfor the first time in 20 years. A resolution said Iran's "many failures" to provide the agency with full answers about its undeclared nuclear material and nuclear activities constituted non-compliance.

Under a 2015 nuclear deal with world powers, Iran was not permitted to enrich uranium above 3.67% purity – the level required for fuel for commercial nuclear power plants – and was not allowed to carry out any enrichment at Fordo for 15 years.

However, US President Donald Trump abandoned the agreement during his first term in 2018, saying it did too little to stop a pathway to a bomb, and reinstated US sanctions.

Iran retaliated by increasingly breaching the restrictions – particularly those relating to enrichment. It resumed enrichment at Fordo in 2021 and has amassed enough 60%-enriched uranium to potentially make nine nuclear bombs, according to the IAEA.

Long queues at petrol stations and bakeries. Long lines of cars trying to escape the capital. And long, frightening nights.

Residents of Tehran – still shocked by Israel's sudden attack on Iran in the early hours of Friday morning – speak of fear and confusion, a feeling of helplessness and conflicting emotions.

"We haven't slept for nights," a 21-year-old music student told me over an encrypted social media app.

"Everyone is leaving but I'm not. My dad says it's more honourable to die in your own house than to run away."

'Donya' – she doesn't want to reveal her real name – is one of many Iranians now caught in a war between a regime she loathes and Israel, whose destructive power in Gaza she has witnessed on screen from afar.

"I really don't want my beautiful Tehran to turn into Gaza," she said.

As for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's call on Iranians to rise up against their clerical leadership, she has a firm response.

"We don't want Israel to save us. No foreign country ever cared for Iran," she said. "We also don't want the Islamic Republic."

Another woman said that at first she had felt a "strange excitement" to see Israel kill Iranian military officials so powerful that she thought they would live for ever.

"Suddenly that image of power was shattered," she told BBC Persian.

"But from the second day, when I heard that regular people – people I didn't know, people like me – had also been killed, I started to feel sorrow, fear and sadness."

And she said her sadness turned to anger when she heard that the South Pars gas field had been hit, fearing that Israel was trying to turn Iran "into ruins".

For the first time in her life, she said, she has started to prepare for the idea of dying.

More than 220 people – many of them women and children – have been killed since Friday, according to the Iranian authorities.

Israeli authorities say Iranian missiles have killed at least 24 people in Israel over the same period.

Unlike in Israel, there are no warnings of imminent attacks in Iran, and no shelters to run to.

Missiles fall from the sky but a campaign of car bombs in Tehran – as reported by both Israeli and Iranian media – has sewn further panic and confusion.

Even some supporters of the regime are reported to be upset that its much-vaunted defences have been so thoroughly exposed.

And, among many Iranians, distrust in the authorities runs deep.

Donya used to defy the regime and its strict dress code by going out with her hair uncovered.

Now, with her university exams postponed until next week, she's staying at home.

"I get so terrified at night," she said. "I take some pills to help me relax and try to sleep."

The Iranian government has suggested that people shelter in mosques and metro stations.

But that is hard, when the explosions seem to come out of nowhere.

"Tehran is a big city and yet every neighbourhood has been somehow affected by the damage," another young woman told BBC Persian.

"For now, all we do is check the news every hour and call the friends and relatives whose neighbourhood has been hit to make sure they are still alive."

She and her family have now left their home to stay in an area where there are no known government buildings.

But you never know, in a country like Iran, who may be living next to you.

The Israeli assault has divided Iranians, she said, with some celebrating the regime's losses, while others are angry at those cheering Israel on.

Many Iranians keep changing their minds about what they think. Divisions are bitter, even among some families.

"The situation feels like the first hours after the Titanic hit the iceberg," the woman said.

"Some people were trying to escape, some were saying it wasn't a big deal, and others kept dancing."

She has always protested against Iran's clerical rulers, she told the BBC, but sees what Netanyahu is doing to her country as "inexcusable".

"Everyone's life, whether they supported the attacks or not, has been changed forever.

"Most Iranians, even those who oppose the government, have now realised that freedom and human rights don't come from Israeli bombs falling on cities where defenceless civilians live."

She added: "Most of us are scared and worried about what's coming next. We've packed bags with first aid supplies, food, and water, just in case things get worse."

Israel says the Iranian armed forces have deliberately placed their command centres and weapons inside civilian buildings and areas.

Members of Iran's large diaspora are also worried.

"It's hard to convey what it's like to be an Iranian right now," says Dorreh Khatibi-Hill, a Leeds-based women's rights activist and researcher who is in touch with family, friends and other anti-regime activists.

"You're happy that members of the regime – who have been torturing and murdering people – are being taken out.

"But we know that civilians are dying. This is a devastating humanitarian disaster."

And Iranians are not being given accurate information on what is happening, she says.

"The main person in Iran – the supreme leader – is still alive while Iranians are fleeing for their lives," she adds.

"No one wants Iran to turn into another Iraq, Syria or Afghanistan. None of us wants this war. We don't want the regime either."